{"protocol":"zfinia-machine-economy-graph-v0","generatedAt":"2026-09-09T10:23:01.445Z","entity":{"id":"visa","type":"ORGANIZATION","typeTags":[],"name":"Visa","description":"Card network opening agent-initiated commerce via tokenized credentials and spend controls.","aliases":["Intelligent Commerce"],"urls":["https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html"],"identifiers":[{"kind":"domain","value":"usa.visa.com"},{"kind":"url","value":"https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html"}],"firstParty":false,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://zfinia.com/methodology","sourceType":"sourced_archive","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":null,"retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":"ARCHIVE_ENTITIES","method":"in_repo_sourced_archive","independentlyCorroborated":false}},"relationships":[{"id":"evt-circle-arc-public-testnet-2025-10-28:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-circle-arc-public-testnet-2025-10-28","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://investor.circle.com/news/news-details/2025/Circle-Launches-Arc-Public-Testnet/default.aspx","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2025-10-28","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}},{"id":"evt-linux-foundation-x402-operational-2026-07-14:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-linux-foundation-x402-operational-2026-07-14","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-operational-launch-of-x402-foundation-to-standardize-internet-native-payments-for-ai-agents-and-applications","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-07-14","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}},{"id":"evt-openai-apps-agents-commerce:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-openai-apps-agents-commerce","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}},{"id":"evt-stablecoin-agent-wallets-pattern:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-stablecoin-agent-wallets-pattern","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://developer.visa.com/use-cases/visa-intelligent-commerce-for-agents","sourceType":"authoritative_documentation","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"OBSERVED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}},{"id":"evt-tempo-mainnet-mpp-2026-03-18:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-tempo-mainnet-mpp-2026-03-18","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://tempo.xyz/blog/mainnet/","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}},{"id":"evt-visa-intelligent-commerce-2025-04-30:DISCUSSES:visa","from":"evt-visa-intelligent-commerce-2025-04-30","type":"DISCUSSES","to":"visa","validFrom":null,"validTo":null,"evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2025-04-30","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false}}],"events":[{"id":"linux-foundation-x402-operational-2026-07-14","type":"standards","at":"2026-07-14T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Linux Foundation announces operational launch of the x402 Foundation","summary":"On 14 July 2026 the Linux Foundation announced the operational launch of the x402 Foundation and completed contribution of the protocol by Coinbase. Premier members listed include Adyen, AWS, American Express, Circle, Cloudflare, Coinbase, Google, Mastercard, Shopify, Stripe, Visa and others. Membership is not settlement volume.","entityIds":["x402-foundation","x402","linux-foundation","cloudflare","coinbase","stripe","visa","mastercard","circle"],"sourceUrl":"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-operational-launch-of-x402-foundation-to-standardize-internet-native-payments-for-ai-agents-and-applications","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-announces-operational-launch-of-x402-foundation-to-standardize-internet-native-payments-for-ai-agents-and-applications","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-07-14","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false},{"id":"openai-apps-agents-commerce","type":"company_move","at":"2026-03-18T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Agent commerce protocols proliferate beyond crypto-native stacks","summary":"Through 2025–2026, incumbent payments and model vendors published overlapping agent-commerce interfaces. Stripe describes an Agentic Commerce Protocol alongside MPP and x402 support. Visa shipped Intelligent Commerce. The overlapping vocabulary is a classification problem for buyers and a coverage obligation for zFinia.","entityIds":["stripe","visa","x402","mpp"],"sourceUrl":"https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://stripe.com/blog/machine-payments-protocol","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false},{"id":"stablecoin-agent-wallets-pattern","type":"analysis_seed","at":"2026-03-18T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Agent wallets converge on stablecoins plus policy limits","summary":"Across Visa Intelligent Commerce, x402 and MPP, the shared design is: the human sets a budget and allowed counterparties; the agent spends inside that envelope; settlement is a stable unit or a card token. The protocols disagree on rail, not on the control problem.","entityIds":["visa","x402","mpp"],"sourceUrl":"https://developer.visa.com/use-cases/visa-intelligent-commerce-for-agents","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://developer.visa.com/use-cases/visa-intelligent-commerce-for-agents","sourceType":"authoritative_documentation","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"OBSERVED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false},{"id":"tempo-mainnet-mpp-2026-03-18","type":"official_announcement","at":"2026-03-18T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Tempo mainnet ships with Stripe-coauthored Machine Payments Protocol","summary":"On 18 March 2026 Tempo announced public mainnet RPC and introduced MPP, co-authored with Stripe. MPP lets an agent request a resource, receive a 402 challenge, authorize payment, and receive the resource. Tempo says Visa, Stripe and Lightspark have extended MPP across cards, platform methods and Lightning. Stripe’s own blog presents MPP as an open standard for agent payments, including settlement into existing Stripe balances.","entityIds":["tempo","stripe","visa","mastercard","mpp"],"sourceUrl":"https://tempo.xyz/blog/mainnet/","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://tempo.xyz/blog/mainnet/","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2026-03-18","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false},{"id":"circle-arc-public-testnet-2025-10-28","type":"official_announcement","at":"2025-10-28T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Circle launches the Arc public testnet","summary":"On 28 October 2025 Circle announced the public testnet for Arc, describing participation from more than one hundred companies across finance and infrastructure. Public testnet is not mainnet settlement and is not x402 volume.","entityIds":["circle","arc","usdc","visa"],"sourceUrl":"https://investor.circle.com/news/news-details/2025/Circle-Launches-Arc-Public-Testnet/default.aspx","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://investor.circle.com/news/news-details/2025/Circle-Launches-Arc-Public-Testnet/default.aspx","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2025-10-28","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false},{"id":"visa-intelligent-commerce-2025-04-30","type":"official_announcement","at":"2025-04-30T00:00:00.000Z","headline":"Visa Intelligent Commerce opens the card network to AI agents","summary":"On 30 April 2025 Visa announced Intelligent Commerce at its Global Product Drop. The program exposes APIs so an authenticated agent can use a tokenized Visa credential under user-set controls. Named collaborators included Anthropic, OpenAI, Stripe and others. This is delegated card-rail commerce, not a stablecoin HTTP 402 protocol.","entityIds":["visa","stripe","anthropic","openai"],"sourceUrl":"https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html","evidence":{"sourceUrl":"https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html","sourceType":"official_announcement","observedAt":null,"sourcePublishedAt":"2025-04-30","retrievedAt":null,"excerptHash":null,"confidence":null,"classification":"VERIFIED","provenance":null,"method":"sourced_archive_event","independentlyCorroborated":false},"firstParty":false}],"observations":[],"machineUrl":"/v1/graph/entities/visa","humanUrl":"/entities/visa"}